Illuminating Earthquakes: Scientists Capture the Rapid Evolution of Ruptures in Real Time

Researchers have unveiled a groundbreaking laboratory earthquake model that links the microscopic real contact area between fault surfaces to earthquake occurrence, as detailed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This study, led by Sylvain Barbot at USC, offers vital insights into earthquake mechanics, revealing that the real contact area—critical in understanding how faults stress and rupture—plays a pivotal role in seismic activity. By observing laboratory earthquakes in real-time using transparent materials and high-speed cameras, the team discovered that up to 30% of the contact area can vanish during rapid ruptures, highlighting its influence on earthquake behavior. The findings signal potential advancements in earthquake monitoring and prediction, with implications for detecting early signs of seismic activity by continuously tracking the physical state of fault contacts. The research represents a significant shift from traditional empirical models, laying the groundwork for future applications in natural fault conditions.