Royal Philips, originally founded in 1891 by Frederik and Gerard Philips, has evolved from a lighting manufacturer into a diversified global company specializing in consumer electronics, medical devices, and personal care products. The company’s early innovations in lightbulb longevity and radio technology facilitated its growth through the 20th century, despite controversies regarding its wartime operations. Following World War II, Philips expanded its product range, achieving successes in the audio market with cassettes and compact discs, though it stumbled in the personal computer realm. In recent decades, Philips has shifted its focus primarily to healthcare, acquiring significant medical device companies and divesting from consumer electronics and lighting. As of 2024, Philips is recognized for its advancements in medical technology, oral and hair care, while maintaining some legacy through licensing agreements.