Researchers in China Create the Tiniest LEDs Ever Made

Researchers from Zhejiang University in China, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge, have developed the world’s smallest light-emitting diodes (LEDs), known as nano-PeLEDs, measuring just 90 nanometers—comparable to the size of a virus. Published in the journal Nature, these innovative LEDs use halide perovskites and achieve a remarkable pixel density of 127,000 pixels per inch (PPI), significantly surpassing current LED technologies. Unlike conventional micro-LEDs that face efficiency losses at smaller sizes, the nano-PeLEDs maintain an external quantum efficiency of about 20% across a range of pixel sizes. The team overcame fabrication challenges through a new technique that protects the delicate perovskite structure during production. These advancements position nano-PeLEDs as promising candidates for next-generation augmented and virtual reality displays. While a prototype display has been successfully demonstrated, further refinement and collaboration with industry partners are necessary for commercialization, unlocking potential applications in lighting and optical communications as well.