Advancements in space agriculture are becoming crucial for NASA’s long-term exploration efforts, including missions to the Moon and Mars, as highlighted by significant developments at the Kennedy Space Center. With the International Space Station closing at the end of 2030, research is shifting toward commercially operated platforms, focusing on unique challenges such as food safety and crop production in microgravity. Innovations originating from space agriculture are already benefiting terrestrial farming, demonstrating that techniques designed for space can enhance food production on Earth, particularly in extreme environments. The goal is to create bioregenerative life support systems capable of sustaining human life by recycling essential resources. Upcoming projects, like the commercial space station Haven-1, aim to advance these goals by integrating autonomous plant growth systems. Overall, this research not only seeks to facilitate future space missions but also aims to provide solutions to pressing agricultural and environmental challenges on Earth.