The Effects of Extended Space Missions on Astronauts' Mental and Physical Health

Crewed space travel poses significant challenges not only in engineering but also in understanding the physiological impacts on the human body. In microgravity, astronauts experience muscle weakening, bone density loss, fluid shifts, and potential changes in vision, as well as exposure to harmful cosmic radiation that can damage DNA and increase long-term health risks. To mitigate these effects, space agencies are implementing rigorous exercise regimens, developing protective technologies, and exploring pharmaceutical options. Notably, conditions like Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) can arise from fluid redistribution, complicating vision and cognitive function. As missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond are planned, innovative approaches such as enhanced exercise and medical technologies are crucial for safeguarding astronauts’ health. Understanding and overcoming these challenges is essential for the future of human exploration in space.

The Effects of Extended Space Missions on Astronauts’ Mental and Physical Health

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